MDGs, targets and indicators
There are 8 Millennium Development Goals:
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
Goal 5: Improve maternal health
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
Each goal is provided with “quantifiable targets” and indicators. Altogether there are currently 21 targets and 60 indicators. The indicators are designed to help “measure progress” towards the realization of the target. Targets and indicators belong to what is called the MDG monitoring framework. This framework has been revised on several occasions - the last time in 2008, to include four new targets.
Targets and indicators
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Target 1a: Reduce by half the proportion of people living on less than a dollar a day
Indicator 1.1. Proportion of population below $1 (PPP) per day
Indicator 1.2. Poverty gap ratio
Indicator 1.3. Share of poorest quintile in national consumption
Target 1b: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people
Indicator 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed
Indicator 1.5 Employment-to-population ratio
Indicator 1.6 Proportion of employed people living below $1 (PPP) per day
Indicator 1.7 Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment
Target 1C: Reduce by half the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
Indicator 1.8 Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age
Indicator 1.9 Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
Target 2A: Ensure that all boys and girls complete a full course of primary schooling
Indicator 2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education
Indicator 2.2 Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach last grade of primary
Indicator 2.3 Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds, women and men
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Wome
Target 3a: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015
Indicator 3.1 Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education
Indicator 3.2 Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector
Indicator 3.3 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
Target 4a: Reduce by two thirds the mortality rate among children under five
Indicator 4.1 Under-five mortality rate
Indicator 4.2 Infant mortality rate
Indicator 4.3 Proportion of 1 year-old children immunized against measles
Goal 5: Improve maternal health
Target 5a: Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio
Indicator 5.1 Maternal mortality ratio
Indicator 5.2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel
Target 5b: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health
Indicator 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate
Indicator 5.4 Adolescent birth rate
Indicator 5.5 Antenatal care coverage (at least one visit and at least four visits)
Indicator 5.6 Unmet need for family planning
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Target 6a: Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
Indicator 6.1 HIV prevalence among population aged 15-24 years
Indicator 6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex
Indicator 6.3 Proportion of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS
Indicator 6.4 Ratio of orphan school attendance to non-orphan school attendance( aged 10-14 years)
Target 6b: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it
Indicator 6.5 Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drugs
Target 6c: Halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases
Indicator 6.6 Incidence and death rates associated with malaria
Indicator 6.7 Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets
Indicator 6.8 Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with appropriate anti-malarial drugs
Indicator 6.9 Incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis
Indicator 6.10 Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under directly observed treatment short course
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
Target 7a: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes; reverse loss of environmental resources
Target 7b: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss
Indicator 7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest
Indicator 7.2 CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP)
Indicator 7.3 Consumption of ozone-depleting substances
Indicator 7.4 Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits
Indicator 7.5 Proportion of total water resources used
Indicator 7.6 Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected
Indicator 7.7 Proportion of species threatened with extinction
Target 7c: Reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
Indicator 7.8 Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source
Indicator 7.9 Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility
Target 7d: Achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers, by 2020
Indicator 7.10 Proportion of urban population living in slums
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
Target 8a: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system
Includes a commitment to good governance, development and poverty reduction – both nationally and internationally
Target 8b: Address the special needs of the least developed countries
Includes: tariff and quota free access for the least developed countries’ exports; enhanced program of debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) and cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generous ODA for countries committed to poverty reduction
Target 8c: Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States (through the Program of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the outcome of the twenty-second special session of the General Assembly)
Target 8d: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term
(Some of the indicators listed below are monitored separately for the least developed countries (LDCs), Africa, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States.)
Official development assistance (ODA)
Indicator 8.1 Net ODA, total and to the least developed countries, as percentage of OECD/DAC donors’ gross national income
Indicator 8.2 Proportion of total bilateral, sector-allocable ODA of OECD/DAC donors to basic social services (basic education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water and sanitation)
Indicator 8.3 Proportion of bilateral official development assistance of OECD/DAC donors that is untied
Indicator 8.4 ODA received in landlocked developing countries as a proportion of their gross national incomes
Indicator 8.5 ODA received in small island developing States as a proportion of their gross national incomes
Market access
Indicator 8.6 Proportion of total developed country imports (by value and excluding arms) from developing countries and least developed countries, admitted free of duty
Indicator 8.7 Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on agricultural products and textiles and clothing from developing countries
Indicator 8.8 Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as a percentage of their gross domestic product
Indicator 8.9 Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity
Debt sustainability
Indicator 8.10 Total number of countries that have reached their HIPC decision points and number that have reached their HIPC completion points (cumulative)
Indicator 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and MDRI Initiatives
Indicator 8.12 Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services
Target 8e: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries
Indicator 8.13 Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs on a sustainable basis
Target 8f: In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications
Indicator 8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population
Indicator 8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population
Indicator 8.16 Internet users per 100 population